Frederick Community College Facilities Master Plan Chapter 2 Environmental Scan 2-40 May, 2023 materials and coarse methods, was the mark of the former [style of education]. Conservation of resources and of life, together with preparation of individuals with trained imagination and resourceful skill for expert action in a complex society, must be the mark of our future America – unless degeneration is to set in.”112 In the 1960s, civil rights activists and advocates for low-income students complained that vocational education was being used to segregate poor and minority students into occupational training in order that the academic curriculum could be reserved for middle- and upper-class students.113 The initially perceived shortcomings as expressed by John Dewey were proving to be true. The Vocational Educational Act of 1963 provided grants to states to maintain, improve, and develop vocationaltechnical education programs for occupations in demand.114 It was later renamed the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act in 1984. The goal was to provide federal funding to support connections between secondary and postsecondary education and employers. The Act was reauthorized and signed into law in 2018 and is referred to as Perkins V. The key improvements to prior legislation were: “Perkins V reflects the 100-year federal commitment to Career Technical Education (CTE) by providing federal support for CTE programs and focuses on improving the academic and technical achievement of CTE students, strengthening the 112 http://www.johndeweysociety.org/the-journal-ofschool-and-society/wpcontent/blogs.dir/2/files/2016/04/vol3_2016_schools ociety_09.pdf ; p. 59 113 Ibid.; Tracking connections between secondary and postsecondary education and improving accountability. Perkins V affords states and local communities the opportunity to implement a vision for CTE that uniquely supports the range of educational needs of students — exploration through career preparation — and balances those student needs with the current and emerging needs of the economy.”115 The focus on improvements in secondary education and postsecondary education along with the needs of business and industry and the economy equally placed accountability and responsibility on business and industry to improve. From the initial laissez-faire role of government with business and the economy to heightened government intervention in the late 19th century, the changes have come about with citizen request for economic reform.116 In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to restore competition and free enterprise by breaking up big business monopolies. In 1906 laws were passed to ensure food and drugs were properly labeled, meat was inspected before it was sold; and a federal banking system. When the Great Depression hit, new laws were enacted to regulate stock sales, recognize the rights of workers to form unions, setting rules for wages and hours for workers; and stricter controls on the manufacture and sale of food, 114https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/vocation al-education; Published 1976; Updated March 24, 2021. 115 https://careertech.org/perkins 116 http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/outlines/economy1991/the-role-of-government-in-theeconomy/growth-of-government-intervention.php
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